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WSWS : v^W h` |@L;n : a[&`pny sh @s_k&y

wn m`nvy` b> vd`W sARn pn`myK h` v&`PyK ipW @k@R

Research suggests a more complex evolution and spread of modern humans

@v~LtR LbRT

2002 a@L 20

wn m`nvy`@G j`nmy @plpw b> nv pR@Y;ny, @p@mN h` h#@mN apt @b`@h~ @sN sm`n m`nvy`@G sMXvy sh @g~y pm`n s`rny p#h# @k@rn, @l`v Lv gW "ak`@vN twt" n&`@Y nkrnykt y h#k.

\`Nw S @v`NtN |v q&`l@Y a`c`Ry a#lN @tMpLtN @G a[&yny mN wn @h~@m~ @SyN (homo sapiens) ar# (100,000)kt @pr ak`@vN twt "sAmny" @M a@nW m`nvyN sMRn@yNm S}`pny k@L y yn w&y b>v s#kphl kr @B. "ey v#rm @Y ak`@v. e@hW e pmnK m q @n`@V" y# r# nk p#v#W s`kCc`vk @tMpLtN p#v y. m`nvyN y yW ak`@vN twt L mt @Hv a@nN S}`pny m @n`v aNwR ajnny . emN @l`v r` S jny` awr j`n sMbN[w` \KmW y.

q ak`@V @b~dR @KV (Border Cave) h` Kl`S g< (Klasies River) a`w @p`l s`Kvl a#<M av wn m`nvy` }mvrt p# @Y vsr 70,000 - 130,000 @pr ak` mh`Qp@yN bv gW mwy . `}k sh wn aAglK;n mK @pNM kl mwkr "@p_r`k" @h~@m~ @SyN av@|; vsr N lK;yK pmn wrM p#r @vw# p#v@S.

vnc` @h`@m~ i@rKtS @gN wn m`nvy` pn`mny m @l~k@Y [ @k`tSvl a v# @ls ek t v` y yn b kl`y (multi Regional) kLw@Y ap` "ak`@vN twt" y`my mN \`l @ls sMRn k@L y. b-kl`y upn&`s@Y eK @[y aA\yK v@Y ey . E E @g~y kl`p@Y vW a` kLk N WwN smg vRwm`n@Y vWvn jny` @G Iy` v`Rk glK;nyN sMbN[w`vK @B y yn sAkLpy pN, S sMXvy b>v v`Rk |@L;nykt avk`\ s#lm y.

Iv` kLwy

1980 ag ak v q&`@y~ vRwm`n m`nvyN ak` N WwN @gN p#vw en bv wvr whr# kl 'Iv`' (Eve hypothesis)

kLwy ipW k@L y. m`nv @@slvl m@t`@k`Ny`@V eNE pRy`s @RTv av a`pSst am`n m mN, "Iv`" kLwy ak`@V @v@sn kLw Syk qKv` S prMpr`@V l sthN kr. DNA (vRn@Qh) @vnS m aw@Y p#v a`k`ry a[&yny m mN m`nv prMpr`v ak`@V vW kLw Syk@gN p#vw en bv e k@L y.

m@t`@k`Ny` y |vsn y`vy s>h` v#qgW vn @@sl ptlyK sw @@sy v&y. Ev` S @@slyN @G @@sl Pl`Sm`@V \`l gnN ӵtn v&y. Ev` @@sl n&@Y @n`v Pl`Sm@Y ӵtn @hN @@sl n&y l Ev`@Y ӵm a y. m@t`@k`Ny` l ӵtn DNA vlt eK prMpr`vk t a@nK prMpr`vt gmN kl h#K@K k`Nw`vN hrh` pm. N@G ` @@sl l @@sl Pl`Sm`vK @n`m# s` e m@t`@k`Ny` adA n#w. m@t`@k`Ny` l a# DNA j`n s#k#Smt bl @n` p`. @k@S nW mt@k`Ny` p#vm sMbN[@yN v@rk Ev` b#Ky` v# qhS kNd`ymK v t @@jv pn`m@Y vd` sARn @@sl smg sMbN[ bvK aqhS @V.

"ak`@vN twt" n&`y vd` Lv g#mt lK@vQ @SyN@G b#b#Lmt K;k avRny h` oN@G @VgvW s`rny m`nv q&`yNt It @pr @r~p@Y h` a`y`@V m`nvyN v q&`Wmkv h` sASk^kmy @ls wnyN mN mNm S}`pny mK @ls gmny mt @plxy. krn ak j`n q&`Wmk pR@Y;n m`nv s`rn@Y @mm avy ak`@vN tw bv whr# m e ly y. @r~p@Y jny h` s` @h~@m~ y#NdR w`@lNS @ls nm @vnS m (@pr ey @h~@m~ @SyN y#NdRw`@lNS) h` @vnW @|;yK @ls m`nv prMpr`vt o@G q`ykWvy @n` slk` h#m eK ly.

@k@S vW @tMpLtN @G pR@Y;n mN, Rn S}`pny b> p#h# m |nyt lKkr. GEODIS nM pgnk v#dsthn mN @tMpLtN m@t`@k`Ny` DNA, y` @gN ur#m vn Y vRn@Qh, DNA m`nv prMpr`@V X vRn@Qh a#lW DNA 2K a# kl`p 8K |@L;ny k@L y. @tMpLtN, jnghn@Y [ y#vl j`n q (DNA bN[nvl d` @k`tS) pK;`vt lK k@L y. jnghnyN awr sh Ev` a#lW vn prMpr`@vN prMpr`vt yn DNA a @p`r# @hvW h#P@l`tP |@L;ny m @v@vN @mm v#d@vl s#lM kr . @tMpLtN @G pR@Y;nvl @|;Wvy nM s`m`n&@yN krnv`t vd` v# m`nyK enM DNA \`` 10 K |@L;ny m. uq`hrnyK @ls m@t`@k`Ny` DNA q#Ky h#y.

DNA vl sA&`nmy |@L;ny

@tMpLtNt pv bRAh#M |v q&`l@Y @DD @p~Sd` h` W #NdL smg vR[ny kl GEODIS pgnk v#dsthn Rm`ny k@L y. @mm v#dsthn qWwyN s>h` aCvK (template) @ls y`Wmk vNn` m`nv pn`my b> Rv a`k^yK av\& @n`vn sA&`nmy |yK @Lnyt (program) @y`q` g#m @H@vN Rv kLw r$pyt g#l@pn @S qWwyN @plxm avm @kn.

DNA sA@Kw mN eqrV@Y, @h~@m~ @SyNvr# a@nW m`nv kNd`yM smg ɜ @Y n#w# slk` on@G sMXvy b> a@PK;` kl k`lytW vd` em k`ly @p_r`k bv. ak`@vN tw am v\@yN s`rn @qkK bv @tMpLtN @G v#d kt @pNM kr - plv#Nn vsr 420,000 sh 840,00 awr sh @qv#Nn vsr 800,000 sh 150,000 awr @tMpLtNt av aw clnyN@G j`n, m`nv vA\@Y (genome) r$pny vn awr |w @g~y kl`pvlt @|w @V. eb#N i y#NdRw`L j`n @r~yyN@G j`nvl q @h~@m~ i@rKtS @G j`n smhr a`y` jnghn@Y q y h#k. @tMpLtN @m@S y. "v> kr q#mK p#v@Y nM p#r k`\n@yN @|w j`n 3K h` n#vw n#vw el@xn p#r @|w j`n 6K ivW y y."

s`@G clny s` klk j`n jnghn@yN ivwt @h~ a#lwt gmN m p#h# mt \`l k`l pr`sy uqV @V. Kg# pn`m y`vy n#vw @g`d n#Amt uWs`h @M m`nv q&`yN n N ڍkrw`vyN @m ġ @V. vRwm`n N wm j @mN aW Ev`t sAmny vn a`k`ryt - uq`hrnyK @ls ak`v hrh` bN sAmny - @mm a` N @s@mN h#@rN ar# qhS gnnK r` @l~k@Y nv @Q\vl p#lpyM h.

@g~ly r` @mm m`nv SpNqny alv`l l#@V v`q`yk @Q\k wWvyN smg v q&`Wmk h` sASk^k pn`myN Ek`bQ[ m. vd vd`W sARn sm`j v&hyN mN g`mky slsn lv vd` sN@VqnyNt, smhr t `}k kw`bht, \k&w`v a# vd`W \`l mkyK @qst m`nv m`vw pn`my y. @m`l@Y pm`v v#m s`R}k sm`j wykt av\& sASk^k vR[ny jnghny v# m h` E smg p# dnyt m`nvy` @y` @kr#. 2 v# mh` sAmny - v q&` @p~L a`K (Paul Ehrlich) hNvN@N "ak`@vN twt 2" @ls vn tW ym X`;`v a# @bNnt a#w.

q#S a`k^y

smhr p#vN, @h~@m~ @SyN pn`my sh p#ry`m q#skt smkrn bkl`p kLw@Y vRwm`n@Y Svr$pyt yM blyK @q. m`nv pn`y s`rny b> @mm a`k^@Y sMXvy @Y `NS DNC N 1930 gnN vl krn lq pR@Y;n@Y y. vn yv@S @ m`nv q&`y o, aq n n@Y ;@k~N @h~@m~ i@rKtS @k@n @ls slkn Iy` "ԿA s`" @s`y` g#@M L k#M ktvlt [`n v\@yN vgv Ww` @V. "phN t#xkt" sm`n @kr#, DNC@G @mm m`nv pn`my b> a`k^y mN o q# bkl`k@y bvt pW @kn. @k@S @vwW, o@G smk`nyN@gN @vnSv, m`nv 'vRgyN'(Races) m$wk sh h@Y a# @qyK @n`@Vy yn aqhS o K@p k@L y. @qkl` kl`y vR[ny sh m`nv @|;yN@G EyWvy awr @p@nNnt @bn prSpr@r~[y p#h# m s>h` o s^ pn`my @n`@h`W y@w~QXvy (orthogensis) b> mwy ipW k@L y.

vdR gw kl m`nv gy a#r t, @|w \`vkt pn`my m s>h` aX&Nwr pn`m v#dsthnK p#v bv. uq`hrnyK nM \`l @m`lyK a# m y.

eK m`nv jnghnyK a@n@kN @vN @k`t @pNvn @X_k n`AgyN v#qgWkm n m mN, v q&`Wmk pn`my m#hW kr@M l` @Sv@Y @y sm`Nwr sAkLpyK, sASk^k pn`m@Y blp$m mw n`gw @kn. @M s>h` km uq`hrnyK vN@N, aq n k p#h# sm# jny`t iw` wl, r# r|y a @Q\k wWvyN l, Ry \Ky av@\~;ny kr g#mt wrM m`nvW tN D pqv` g#mt @n`h# wWvyN pv` s`R}kv k gw h# m. sWwNm, ont aw&v\& tN m`ny a@Rk a`h`r mN @h~ ΍p`qn mN lb` gw h#k.

aq n @mm b-kl`y kLwy aqhNnN vn ɦgN srs@Y m`nv q&` L@f~D @v`L@p`F sh OS@y` m`nv q&` a#lN @w~RN N, m`nv pn`my b> q#S a`k^y @prt qm l#@B. @m o kl`y vR[ny, h` @n`kdv` @k@rn j`n glny ekt bQ[ kr. vsr y qhS sA&`vK r` yM kl`pykt a@wN p# jnghny smg Ek`bQ[ @M lyK @ls @mm j`n glny @V.

m@t`@k`Ny` Iv` (Eve) kLwy g#n @Vcn ipW krn @v`L@p`F h` @w~RN kl`y aNdw`v a#<@vn blhWk`r @p`l v`Rw` ipW kr. @my whr# m s>h` oN @y`q` gN@N jnghn@Y @h~ @|;yk "m#q" h` "q`ry" awr sMbN[y.

@h~@m~@SyNvr#N@G pn`m@Y "m[&S}`ny" mt vd`W id a# S}`ny @ls ak`v gNn` awr, @v`L@p`F sh @w~RN av[`rny krN@N, nv psr a@y~gyNt avRwny mW, @g~y @qkl`@V |w aA\yW Ek`bQ[ @mN a# j`n sA&`w@Y clny @H@vN n jnghnyN kl`y sj`yWvyK vR[ny kr gNnt a# bv.

@k@S @vwW wn j`n wt`kyt `@Qy jnghn@Y q`yk m y m @tMpLtN ytpW kl @n`h# @lst wn m`nvy` ak` bv Srv pvs. @tMpLtN @G pR@Y;n mN wn m`nv pn`my h` p#m b> v`qyt nv iN[n spy` a# awr, @mm y`q`my @kwrM |myjnk @ls @p`@h`sW sh sARn q yNn n#vw vrK an`vrny kr.


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